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É uma conta de corretagem na qual os clientes tomam dinheiro emprestado da corretora para dar continuidade ao trading. O tamanho da margem de um investidor é definido pelo tamanho dos investimentos que possui. Além de condições de trading competitivas e flexíveis, os traders atualmente procuram facilidade e conveniência para depositar e sacar fundos. Uma boa corretora de Forex dá aos seus clientes várias opções de pagamento, permitindo que eles possam escolher a que lhe for mais conveniente.

Cartões de crédito e débito, bem como transferência bancária, são algumas das opções padrão de pagamento utilizada pelos traders. Novamente, graças aos avanços tecnológicos, um grande número métodos de pagamento eletrônico tem surgido. O PayPal , Skrill , Neteller e Webmoney são os métodos mais usados no geral.

Ao selecionar uma opção de pagamento, considere também a comissão ou taxa cobrada por ele. É também imprescindível que a segurança dos fundos seja levada em consideração. As corretoras de Forex, às vezes, podem dispensar taxas de depósito para influenciar seus clientes a colocar mais dinheiro.

Para estabelecer confiança e lealdade, as melhores empresas de FX também têm focado na importância de ter um departamento de atendimento ao consumidor excelente. Ao cuidar de uma solicitação ou reclamação, eles devem dar uma resposta rápida e resolver a questão o mais rápido possível.

A maioria das melhores corretoras de Forex estão dando um passo a frente e oferecendo atendimento 24h. Dada a complexidade do mercado cambial, é fácil se confundir quando clientes bombardeiam a equipe de atendimento ao consumidor com perguntas.

Para atender bem seus clientes, atingindo satisfação máxima, as corretoras de Forex meticulosamente treinam seus atendentes por semanas. Isso permite que os representantes de atendimento ao consumidor respondam as solicitações sobre moedas ou sobre os produtos e serviços da corretora com qualidade e rapidez. Os representantes devem ter bastante conhecimento sobre Forex e sobre os produtos e serviços sendo oferecidos, para assim poder lidar com eficiência com os problemas encontrados pelos clientes e sugerir soluções.

Além de permanecer calmo e organizado, ele também deve ser um bom ouvidor para ser um bom representante de atendimento ao consumidor de Forex. Eles não devem interromper o cliente no meio de uma chamada. Uma boa regra de conversação é deixar o cliente falar tudo que precisa antes. Só aí o representante pode assumir o papel de solucionador de problemas fazendo as perguntas pertinentes e buscando resolvê-las. As corretoras devem garantir que é fácil para o cliente ligar ou, em alguns casos, enviar um email para o agente de atendimento ao consumir, e não deve levar muito tempo para ser atendido.

Os clientes tendem a ser impacientes, principalmente quando eles têm dúvidas ou problemas. A principal forma de acelerar e fazer o tempo de espera do cliente mais tolerável para eles está em fortalecer a equipe de atendimento, respondendo com rapidez através de e-mail ou mídias sociais, tentando responder as questões o mais rápido possível.

É um bónus se a corretora de Forex fornece algum tipo de entretenimento para matar o tédio enquanto os clientes esperam ser atendidos. A melhor corretora de Forex no ano de deve ser uma entidade registrada e licenciada antes de começar a operar e anunciar seus serviços em um local específico. Os governos, através das agências reguladoras, têm diferentes parâmetros de regras e regulações, que uma entidade licenciada e registrada deve se adequar.

Esses fiscalizadores basicamente supervisionam e regulam os bancos, as corretoras de Forex e ações, instituições financeiras e empresas de investimento. Isso serve para proteger o público, mantendo a integridade do sistema. Os reguladores mantêm o mercado global seguro inspecionando as empresas, impedindo atividades ilícitas, quando houverem. As corretoras de Forex devem indicar em suas páginas corporativas quais agências regulatórias e entidades supervisionam suas atividades.

Criada em , the National Futures Association NFA and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC servem como órgãos reguladores para corretoras de Forex que querem operar nos Estados Unidos.

A NFA é responsável criar diretrizes e programas para proteger o público e cuidar do sistema financeiro dos EUA. Também fornece educação aos participantes do setor para que eles tenham mais conhecimento sobre suas obrigações e regulamentações. Os mercados de futuros e ações nos EUA são monitorados pela CFTC. Formada em , a comissão supervisiona instituições financeiras envolvidas em mercados de derivativos.

Sua missão é garantir mercados transparentes, competitivos e financeiramente sólidos para proteger o público contra fraude e manipulação. Fundada em , a Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada IIROC supervisiona todos os facilitadores investimento e trading nos mercados financeiros do país. Baseando-se na justiça, integridade e transparência, essa organização sem fins lucrativos é encarregada de impor diretrizes sobre a conduta comercial entre os dealers de investimentos no Canadá.

Está sob a égide da Canadian Securities Administrators CSA. A missão da Australian Securities and Investments Commission ASIC é regulamentar instituições financeiras e organizações na Austrália. Criado em , o ASIC atua como agência regulatória corporativa, de mercados e de serviços financeiros, encarregado de aplicar as leis e fortalecer um sistema financeiro saudável para investidores e indivíduos na Austrália.

As instituições e empresas financeiras são governadas pela FINMA, a agência regulatória da Suíça. Ela é responsável por supervisionar bancos, dealers e bolsas na suíça. A FINMA foi institucionalizada em pelo Federal Act on the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMASA , que garante a eficiência no mercado financeiro do país para seus clientes e players. Desde sua criação em a , a Financial Services Agency FSA tem sido utilizada para garantir a integridade do sistema financeiro do Japão através do gerenciamento dos bancos, seguros, ações e bolsas.

A FSA cuida da regulação das entidades privadas, do desenvolvimento de regras e políticas, da criação de padrões e da observância das diretrizes.

Uma plataforma de trading Forex é onde os traders colocam ofertas e analisam os dados. Em outras palavras, elas servem como uma ponte entre os traders e o mercado de Forex. Uma boa plataforma de trading deve ser fácil de navegar, fornece detalhes como gráficos, preços e análise de negociação, e tem uma interface onde os traders podem inserir ordens que serão processadas pela corretora de Forex.

Além disso, o software geralmente pode ser instalado com vários sistemas operacionais, como Linux, Mac e Windows, embora algumas empresas ofereçam plataformas de trading no navegador que podem ser executadas usando Java, uma linguagem de programação de computador de alto nível e amplamente utilizada.

Graças aos avanços na tecnologia e aos corretores de Forex que dão um passo a frente, as plataformas de trading se ajustaram melhor ao mundo acelerado como jamais visto. Essas plataformas, que geralmente são oferecidas gratuitamente por corretores de Forex, servem como um meio para os traders abrirem, fecharem e administrarem posições através de um intermediário. Uma plataforma ideal deve ser fácil de usar, ser visualmente atraente e apresentar diversas ferramentas para os traders.

Ela também deve permitir que os investidores façam os pedidos com facilidade, assim como incluir ferramentas de gráficos, as cotações mais recentes e feeds de notícias relevantes. Por fim, o usuário deve poder definir facilmente as configurações nessa plataforma. Os corretores de Forex normalmente oferecem contas de avaliação gratuitas antes de um cliente abrir uma conta e começar o trading de moedas pra valer, o que permite que se tenha a sensação de usar esse software antes de começar a negociar.

É altamente aconselhável fazer uma simulação de trading Forex antes de investir. É essencial estar familiarizado com os recursos e como usar a plataforma de trading sem arriscar dinheiro enquanto aprende o básico. A prática leva à perfeição.

As plataformas de negociação mais usadas são o MetaTrader 4 e 5 MT4 e MT5, respectivamente. Lançadas em , ambos são programas desenvolvidos pela MetaQuotes Software para trading de câmbio pela internet. Além disso, as corretoras Forex MT4 e as corretoras Forex MT5 oferecem mais plataformas aos clientes também.

Cada plataforma tem sua própria configuração, mas todas elas têm quase os mesmos recursos, como preços de Forex, instrumentos de análise técnica, ferramentas de plotagem, feeds de notícias e gráficos. Antes de entrar no mercado de câmbio, é importante observar se o corretor oferece gratuitamente a plataforma de negociação e, caso não ofereca, a taxa adicional para utilizar o programa , se permite negociação por gráfico, se a interface do pedido apresenta opções, se os dados podem ser acessados facilmente através do software, se a testagem de estratégia for permitida e se ele tiver uma API que permita ao trader incorporar mais programação ou instalar mais software.

Não se esqueça de buscar cuidadosamente notícias ou postagens de blogs que abordem as melhores plataformas de trading disponíveis no mercado cambial.

Isso pode ajudá-lo a ter certeza sobre o que é oferecido e como a corretora atende seus clientes. E lembre-se de não acreditar imediatamente em tudo que lê on-line, é importante ter cuidado redobrado sobre a a veracidade das informações lidas nesses artigos on-line.

A reputação da corretora no mercado Forex em é a coisa mais importante a se considerar. Essa corretora é confiável ou irresponsável? A corretora está funcionando legalmente em seu país ou quer simplesmente roubar o dinheiro de seus clientes e fugir?

Muitas postagens em fóruns, análises de sites, artigos ou em mídias sociais podem ter sido escritas pela própria corretora, o que significa que a chance de esses comentários ou análises serem parciais é uma possibilidade. Como certos corretores podem tentar usar essas estratégias em uma tentativa de atrair mais clientes para a empresa ou contratar pessoal de marketing para melhorar sua imagem para clientes em potencial, você deve sempre fazer uma pesquisa minuciosa.

Aqui estão alguns sinais de alerta a serem observados para evitar o uso do corretor Forex errado:. Se o site da corretora de Forex for muito chamativo e excessivamente persuasivo, é muito provável que essa entidade não seja licenciada ou registrada com um regulador financeiro em seu local de operação. Os próprios clientes podem verificar a credibilidade de um corretor visitando o site e observar sua afiliação ou associação normalmente encontrada na seção "Sobre nós".

Corretores de Forex devem sempre deixar o cliente cuidar seu próprio trading de Forex. Se a corretora de Forex determina ou limita a quantidade de dinheiro que um cliente pode receber, este é definitivamente um mau sinal de que eles podem não ser uma corretora respeitável ou honesta. E se esse cliente tiver uma conta de margem que teve prejuízos porque os preços caíram demais? Se o comerciante não tem poder sobre sua própria conta, a corretora pode simplesmente liquidar o seu colateral a um preço mais baixo.

Isso pode levar a perdas repentinas de capital que estão fora do controle do profissional. Existem certos atos que são ilegais no comércio Forex, como sniping e hunting. Esses atos acontecem quando o corretor compra ou vende perto de pontos pré-estabelecidos antes do tempo. Essa atividade ilícita é difícil de detectar, por isso é imprescindível conversar com outros investidores para evitar que isso aconteça. Atualmente, não há lista contendo os nomes dos corretores que cometem sniping e hunting, fazendo disso outro motivo importante para fazer uma pesquisa cuidadosa.

Se a corretora de Forex estiver envolvia em outros atos criminosos, como corrupção, lavagem de dinheiro ou venda de armas ou drogas ilegais, é óbvio que esse é um provedor de serviço para evitar. Se essa corretora de Forex for pega pelas autoridades, todo o dinheiro investido com essa corretora poderá ser apreendido e todos os investimentos serão perdidos.

Tem havido um número cada vez maior de sites de avaliação de Forex disponíveis on-line em Como mencionado anteriormente, a due diligence é essencial antes de iniciar qualquer tipo de investimento. Ninguém quer que seu dinheiro suado desapareça. No entanto, infelizmente, este tem sido o caso no mercado de FX há um bom tempo.

O número de empresas Forex no mercado está subindo em , e muitas delas não são completamente confiáveis. Elas anunciam seus produtos e serviços através de marketing e publicidade e esperam que seus alvos caiam em sua armadilha. Aqueles que são novatos no mercado Forex são as vítimas habituais, e é nisso que a TopBrokers. com quer dar um fim.

Fornecendo apenas avaliações confiáveis e de alta qualidade, a TopBrokers. com se tornou o melhor lugar para os aspirantes a traders.

A equipe por trás de nosso portal seleciona cuidadosamente as empresas de Forex incluídas na lista. Além de fornecer detalhes básicos sobre tipos de conta, plataformas de negociação, métodos de pagamento e compliance, as análises de traders experientes também estão disponíveis no site para fornecer aos novatos insights úteis sobre as qualidades essenciais de uma corretora Forex.

A TopBrokers. com garante aos visitantes que cada análise de consumidores enviada ao seu site está sendo verificada completamente e está sujeita à aprovação. Você pode verificar todas as avaliações por clientes de corretores de Forex em em nosso site. A equipe está ciente de que, há um bom tempo, tem sido de praxe para algumas empresas de Forex contratar pessoas para escrever resenhas falsas e enganosas.

Os usuários que criam comentários de spam recebem avisos e possivelmente são impedidos de postar no site. Enquanto você procura as melhores corretoras de Forex, você pode querer explorar alguns grandes descontos de corretoras de Forex que estiverem disponíveis. Mas seja cauteloso quando a tentação chegar, porque você ainda precisa garantir que está trabalhando com uma corretora de Forex altamente digno e confiável e não ficar cego por certas vantagens que podem ser oferecidas.

Pode ser conveniente obter aconselhamento financeiro externo de um consultor confiável antes de mergulhar no trading de Forex. Certifique-se de que você tem conhecimento o suficiente sobre investimentos, especificamente com Forex, e que você não está colocando em risco sua saúde financeira e seus objetivos pessoais. Infelizmente, o sucesso não é uma garantia em todos investimentos. Você não pode basear suas expectativas de grande sucesso em desempenho passado ou tendências de qualquer moeda, conselhos ou mesmo a reputação incrível da corretora.

O que você pode fazer é se informar e estar preparado e entender completamente os riscos e benefícios do trading de Forex. Uma boa corretora de Forex irá ajudá-lo a evitar muitas das potenciais armadilhas, e isso deve estar evidente em qualquer avaliação que você encontrar em sua pesquisa. Existem alguns grandes problemas inesperados que podem surgir com o comércio Forex, especialmente para novos traders.

Os novos traders precisam ser especialmente cuidadosos para garantir que suas negociações sejam estáveis, suficientemente disciplinados para acompanhar de perto o mercado, fazer negócio nos momentos certos e não confiar excessivamente em sistemas automatizados que possam estar fazendo suas negociações - faça suas negociações manualmente usando algumas das tecnologias automatizadas até que você aprenda as minúcias que irão protegê-lo.

Você vai minimizar os riscos tendo o cuidado de trabalhar com uma corretora de Forex confiável. Sua corretora deve ajudá-lo a manter seu dinheiro seguro. As negociações devem ser executadas prontamente e com precisão. Quando você aprender mais sobre como as corretoras mantêm a liquidez alta e o mercado ativo, você começará a entender os melhores momentos para negociações, como observar a ampliação da distribuição e como administrar seu investimento para mantê-lo estável - e em crescimento.

Sua corretora deve demonstrar que você é valioso como um cliente e você deve sentir que você pode confiar em sua corretora de Forex para ajudá-lo a proteger fazer seu investimento crescer. É claro que existem corretoras que querem simplesmente obter mais lucro fazendo uso de esquemas ilegais. Mas ganhar mais dinheiro à custa de seus clientes é imperdoável. O envolvimento em qualquer ato ilícito pode colocar a corretora em perigo, já que o golpista pode enfrentar processos administrativos ou criminais, ou ter sua revogada pelas autoridades financeiras.

Fazendo a due dilligence, o trader pode identificar as diferenças entre as corretoras confiáveis e as fraudulentas. É importante sempre verificar se alguma queixa foi apresentada contra a corretora.

Se possível, avalie o caso e entre em contato com o usuário para verificar a reclamação. Também é crucial ler e avaliar cada detalhe de documentos e acordos antes de assinar um contrato e abrir uma conta com uma corretora de comércio Forex. Contratos servem para ajudar um profissional em potencial a entender as provisões do contrato e o que fazer em caso de eventos inesperados. Comece aos poucos. Muitos especialistas em Forex incentivam os clientes a começar a negociar moedas com pouco capital.

Se novos investidores começam dessa forma, sacar os fundos de suas contas após pelo menos um mês pode ajudar a determinar se é prudente continuar a realizar trabalhar com a corretora. Às vezes, a corretora pode atrasar em fornecer os fundos para saque.

Se esse problema surgir, o melhor é discutir isso primeiro com a corretora. às vezes isso acontece não por culpa do corretor, mas sim pelo método de saque escolhido pelo trader. No entanto, se o mesmo problema persistir, talvez é hora de confiar seu dinheiro a outro provedor de serviços de Forex.

Faça questão de entender o mercado e não tente aprender tudo por meio de tentativa e erro. Tenha um plano de investimento e cumpra. Certifique-se de que suas expectativas sejam razoáveis. Atrai pessoas boas e más. É por isso que é necessário ter parcimônia na escolha do corretor Forex mais adequado, a fim de compreender esse mercado. A lista do TopBrokers. Some techniques are similar in concept but have different names and methodologies that reflect the history of their development in different sectors.

Techniques have evolved over time and continue to evolve, and many can be used in a broad range of situations outside their original application. Techniques can be adapted, combined and applied in new ways or extended to satisfy current and future needs. This document is an introduction to selected techniques and compares their possible applications, benefits and limitations. It also provides references to sources of more detailed information.

Organizations that are required to conduct risk assessments for compliance or conformance purposes would benefit from using appropriate formal and standardized risk assessment techniques.

The techniques are used to assist in making decisions where there is uncertainty, to provide information about particular risks and as part of a process for managing risk. The document provides summaries of a range of techniques, with references to other documents where the techniques are described in more detail.

For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document including any amendments applies. ISO Guide , Risk management — Vocabulary ISO , Risk management — Guidelines 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO , ISO Guide and the following apply.

Note 2 to entry: The English term "likelihood" does not have a direct equivalent in some languages; instead, the equivalent of the term "probability" is often used.

However, in English, "probability" is often narrowly interpreted as a mathematical term. Therefore, in risk management terminology, "likelihood" is used with the intent that it should have the same broad interpretation as the term "probability" has in many languages other than English. Note 3 to entry: Taking or not taking an opportunity are both sources of risk. Note 2 to entry: A threat to one party may pose an opportunity to another.

sometimes referred to as epistemic uncertainty. Not all uncertainty is able to be understood and the significance of uncertainty might be hard or impossible to define or influence.

However, a recognition that uncertainty exists in a specific context enables early warning systems to be put in place to detect change in a proactive and timely manner and make arrangements to build resilience to cope with unexpected circumstances.

The uncertainty may lead to positive or negative consequences or both. Risk is often described in terms of risk sources, potential events, their consequences and their likelihoods. An event can have multiple causes and lead to multiple consequences.

Consequences can have a number of discrete values, be continuous variables or be unknown. Consequences may not be discernible or measurable at first, but may accumulate over time. Sources of risk can include inherent variability, or uncertainties related to a range of factors including human behaviour and organizational structures or societal influences for which it can be difficult to predict any particular event that might occur.

It follows that risk cannot always be tabulated easily as a set of events, their consequences and their likelihoods. Risk assessment techniques aim to help people understand uncertainty and the associated risk in this broad, complex and diverse context, for the purpose of supporting better-informed decisions and actions.

ISO describes principles for managing risk and the foundations and organizational arrangements that enable risk to be managed.

It specifies a process that enables risk to be recognized, understood and modified as necessary, according to criteria that are established as part of the process. Risk assessment techniques can be applied within this structured approach which involves establishing context, assessing risk and treating risk, along with ongoing monitoring, review, communication and consultation, recording and reporting. This process is illustrated in Figure A. In the ISO process, risk assessment involves identifying risks, analysing them, and using the understanding gained from the analysis to evaluate risk by drawing conclusions about their comparative significance in relation to the objectives and performance thresholds of the organization.

This process provides inputs into decisions about whether treatment is required, priorities for treatment and the actions intended to treat risk. In practice an iterative approach is applied.

The way in which risk is assessed depends on the situation's complexity and novelty, and the level of relevant knowledge and understanding. This also applies to circumstances where stakeholders hold strongly divergent views.

In these cases, multiple techniques might be used to gain a partial understanding of risk, with judgements then made in the context of organizational and societal values, and stakeholder views. The techniques described in this document have greatest application in situations between these two extremes where the complexity is moderate and there is some information available on which to base the assessment. IEC  IEC — 13 — The scope, depth and level of detail of the assessment should be defined, with a description of what is included, and excluded.

The types of consequence to be included in the assessment should be defined. Any conditions, assumptions, constraints or necessary resources relevant to the assessment activity should also be specified. This includes understanding the internal and external issues that contribute to the context of the organization as well as wider societal and environmental aspects. Any relevant context statement should be reviewed and checked to see that it is current and appropriate. Understanding the bigger picture is particularly important where there is significant complexity.

Appropriate involvement of stakeholders helps ensure that the information on which risk assessment is based is valid and applicable and that stakeholders understand the reasons behind decisions.

It should be decided how outputs and outcomes of risk assessment are to be reliably, accurately and transparently communicated to relevant stakeholders. Techniques for eliciting views from stakeholders and experts are described in Clause B. This will facilitate identification of risk and understanding its implications. Human performance whether above or below expectation is a source of risk and can also affect the effectiveness of controls.

The potential for deviation from expected or assumed behaviours should be specifically considered when assessing risk.

Human performance considerations are frequently complex and expert advice can be required to identify and analyse human aspects of risk. Human factors also influence the selection and use of techniques, particularly where judgements have to be made or team approaches are used. Skilled facilitation is needed to minimize these influences. Biases such as groupthink and over-confidence for example in estimates or perceptions should be addressed.

Expert opinion should be informed by evidence and data wherever possible and efforts made to avoid or minimize cognitive biases. People's personal objectives and values can vary and differ from those of the organization. This can result in different perceptions about the level of a risk and different criteria by which individuals make decisions. An organization should endeavour to achieve a common understanding of risk internally and take account of the differing perceptions of stakeholders.

Social aspects, including socioeconomic position, race ethnicity and culture, gender, social relationships and residential and community context can affect risk both directly and indirectly.

Impacts may be long term and not immediately visible and can require a long-term planning perspective. Criteria can be qualitative, semi- quantitative or quantitative. In some cases there might be no explicit criteria specified and stakeholders use their judgement to respond to the results of analysis.

The limit set for unacceptable adverse risk can depend on potential rewards. The acceptability of risk can also be defined by specifying the acceptable variation in specific performance measures linked to objectives. Different criteria might be specified according to the type of consequence. For example, an organization's criteria for accepting financial risk may differ from those defined for risk to human life.

IEC  IEC — 15 — The following are examples of considerations used when defining whether risk can be accepted. For a commercial firm capacity might be specified in terms of maximum retention capacity covered by assets, or the largest financial loss the company could bear without having to declare bankruptcy.

The estimated RBC should be reasonably tested by stress testing scenarios to provide a reliable confidence level. An organization's risk appetite reflects management's willingness to utilize its RBC. Ethical, cultural, legal, social, reputational, environmental, contractual, financial and other considerations can also be relevant. An evaluation of the significance of a risk compared to other risks is often based on an estimate of the magnitude of risk compared with criteria which are directly related to thresholds set around the objectives of the organization.

Comparison with these criteria can inform an organization which risks should be focused on for treatment, based on their potential to drive outcomes outside of thresholds set around objectives.

The magnitude of risk is seldom the only criterion relevant to decisions about the significance of risk. Other relevant factors can include sustainability e. triple bottom line and resilience, ethical and legal criteria, the effectiveness of controls, the maximum impact if controls are not present or fail, the timing of the consequences, the costs of controls and stakeholder views.

Techniques for evaluating the significance of risk are described in Clause B. For such decisions several criteria might need to be met and trade-offs between competing objectives might be required. Criteria relevant to the decision should be identified and the way in which criteria are to be weighted or trade-offs otherwise made should be decided and accounted for and the information recorded and shared.

In setting criteria, the possibility that costs and benefits may differ for different stakeholders should be considered. The way in which different forms of uncertainty are to be taken into account should be decided. Techniques in Clause B. This information provides an input to statistical analysis, models or to the techniques described in Annexes A and B.

In some cases, the information can be used by decision makers without further analysis. The information needed at each point depends on the results of earlier information gathering, the purpose and scope of the assessment, and the method or methods to be used for analysis. The way information is to be collected, stored, and made available should be decided. The records of the outputs of the assessment that are to be kept should be decided, along with how those records are to be made, stored, updated and provided to those who might need them.

Sources of information should always be indicated. Data can be collected or derived, for example, from measurements, experiments, interviews and surveys. Typically, data directly or indirectly represent past losses or benefits. Examples include project failures or successes, the number of complaints, financial gains or losses, health impacts, injuries and fatalities, etc. Additional information might also be available such as the causes of failures or successes, sources of complaints, the nature of injuries, etc.

Data can also include the output from models or other analysis techniques. whether it is qualitative, quantitative or both see 6. When the data to be analysed are obtained from sampling, the statistical confidence that is required should be stated so that sufficient data is collected. Where no statistical analysis is needed this should be stated. If the data or results from previous assessments are available, it should first be established whether there has been any change in context and, if so, whether the earlier data or results remain relevant.

Limitations and uncertainties in data should be identified and understood. Past data cannot be assumed to continue to apply into the future, but they can give an indication to decision makers of what is more or less likely to occur in the future. Its purpose is to transform what might be an inherently complex situation into simpler terms that can be analysed more easily. It can be used to help understand the meaning of data and to simulate what might happen in practice under different conditions.

A model may be physical, represented in software or be a set of mathematical relationships. Each of these steps can involve approximations, assumptions and expert judgement and if possible they should be validated by people independent of the developers. Critical assumptions should be reviewed against available information to assess their credibility. Comprehensive documentation of the model and the theories and assumptions on which it is based should be kept, sufficient to enable validation of the model.

Software programmes used for modelling and analysis often provide a simple user interface and a rapid output, but these characteristics might lead to invalid results that are unnoticed by the user. Commercial software is often black box commercial in confidence and might contain any of these errors.

New software should be tested using a simple model with inputs that have a known output, before progressing to test more complex models. The testing details should be retained for use on future version updates or for new software analysis programmes. Errors in the constructed model can be checked by increasing or decreasing an input value to determine whether the output responds as expected.

This can be applied to each of the various inputs. Data input errors are often identified when varying the data inputs. This approach also provides information on the sensitivity of the model to data variations. A good understanding of the mathematics relevant to the particular analysis is recommended to avoid erroneous conclusions.

Not only are the above errors likely, but also the selection of a particular programme might not be appropriate. It is easy to follow a programme and assume that the answer will therefore be right. Evidence should be gathered to check that the outputs are reasonable. Factors to consider when selecting a particular technique for these activities are described in Clause 7.

In general, analysis can be descriptive such as a report of a literature review, a scenario analysis or a description of consequences or quantitative, where data are analysed to produce numerical values. In some cases, rating scales can be applied to compare particular risks. The way in which risk is assessed and the form of the output should be compatible with any defined criteria.

For example, quantitative criteria require a quantitative analysis technique which produces an output with the appropriate units. Mathematical operations should be used only if the chosen metrics allow. In general, mathematical operations should not be used with ordinal scales. Even with fully quantitative analysis, input values are usually estimates. A level of accuracy and precision should not be attributed to results beyond that which is consistent with the data and methods employed.

All sources of uncertainty and both beneficial and detrimental effects might be relevant, depending on the context and scope of the assessment. Techniques for identifying risk usually make use of the knowledge and experience of a variety of stakeholders see B. Physical surveys can also be useful in identifying sources of risk or early warning signs of potential consequences. The output from risk identification can be recorded as a list of risks with events, causes and consequences specified, or using other suitable formats.

Whatever techniques are used, risk identification should be approached methodically and iteratively so that it is thorough and efficient. Risk should be identified early enough to allow actions to be taken whenever possible. However there are occasions when some risks cannot be identified during a risk assessment.

A mechanism should therefore be put in place for capturing emerging risks and recognizing early warning signs of potential success or failure. Techniques for identifying risk are described in Clause B. Sources of risk can include events, decisions, actions and processes, both favourable and unfavourable, as well as situations that are known to exist but where outcomes are uncertain.

Any form of uncertainty described in 4. Events and consequences can have multiple causes or causal chains. Risk can often only be controlled by modifying risk drivers. They influence the status and development of risk exposures, and often affect more than one risk. As a result, risk drivers often need more and closer attention than sources of individual risks. Techniques for determining sources, causes and drivers of risk are described in Clause B.

NOTE A risk can have more than one control and controls can affect more than one risk. A distinction should be made between controls that change likelihood, consequences or both, and controls that change how the burden of risk is shared between stakeholders. For example, insurance and other forms of risk financing do not directly affect the likelihood of an event or its outcomes but can make some of the consequences more tolerable to a particular stakeholder by reducing their extent or smoothing cash flow.

Any assumptions made during risk analysis about the actual effect and reliability of controls should be validated where possible, with a particular emphasis on individual or combinations of controls that are assumed to have a substantial modifying effect.

This should take into account information gained through routine monitoring and review of controls. Techniques for analysing controls are described in Clause B. Consequential effects domino or knock-on effects where one consequence leads to another should be considered where relevant. IEC  IEC — 21 — Risk can be associated with a number of different types of consequences, impacting different objectives.

The types of consequence to be analysed should have been decided when planning the assessment. The context statement should be checked to ensure that the consequences to be analysed align with the purpose of the assessment and the decisions to be made. This can be revisited during the assessment as more is learned. The magnitude of consequences can be expressed quantitatively as a point value or as a distribution. Consideration of the full distribution associated with a consequence provides complete information.

It is possible to summarize the distribution in the form of a point value such as the expected value mean , variation variance or the percentage in the tail or some other relevant part of the distribution percentile.

It should not be assumed that data relevant to risk necessarily follows a normal distribution. In some cases information can be summarized as a qualitative or semi-quantitative rating which can be used when comparing risks. The magnitude of consequences might also vary according to other parameters. For example, the health consequences of exposure to a chemical generally depend on the dose to which the person or other species is exposed.

For this example, the risk is usually represented by a dose response curve which depicts the probability of a specified end point e. death as a function of a short-term or an accumulated dose. Consequences might also change over time. For example, the adverse impacts of a fault might become more severe the longer the fault exists.

Appropriate techniques should be selected to take this into account. Sometimes consequences result from exposures to multiple sources of risk: for example, environmental or human health effects from the exposure to biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial sources of risk.

In considering multiple exposures the possibility of synergistic effects should be taken into account as well as the influence of the duration and extent of exposure.

The parameter to which a likelihood value applies should be explicitly stated and the event or consequence whose likelihood is being stated should be clearly and precisely defined. It can be necessary to include a statement about exposure and duration to fully define likelihood. Likelihood can be described in a variety of ways, including as an expected probability or frequency or in descriptive terms e. There can be uncertainty in the likelihood which can be shown as a distribution of values representing the degree of belief that a particular value will occur.

Where a percentage is used as a measure of likelihood the nature of the ratio to which the percentage applies should be stated. To minimize misinterpretations when expressing likelihood, either qualitatively or quantitatively, the time period and population concerned should be explicit and consistent with the scope of the particular assessment. There are many possible biases which can influence estimates of likelihood. Furthermore, interpretation of the likelihood estimate can vary depending on the context within which it is framed.

Care should be taken to understand the possible effects of individual cognitive and cultural biases. Techniques for understanding consequences and likelihood are described in Clause B.

For example, multiple consequences can arise from a single cause or a particular consequence might have multiple causes. The occurrence of some risks may make the occurrence of others more or less likely, and these causal links can form cascades or loops. To achieve a more reliable assessment of risk where causal links between risks are significant, it can be useful to create a causal model that incorporates the risks in some form. Common themes can be sought within the risk information such as common causes or drivers of risk, or common outcomes.

Interactions between risks can have a range of impacts on decision making, for example, escalating the importance of activities which span multiple connected risks or increasing the attractiveness of one option over others. Risks might be susceptible to common treatments, or there can be situations such that treating one risk has positive or negative implications elsewhere.

Treatment actions can be consolidated at times to significantly reduce the amount of work and more effectively balance available resources. A coordinated treatment plan should take account of these factors rather than assuming that each risk should be treated independently.

Techniques for analysing interactions and dependencies are described in Clause B. This can involve qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative measures. Points on the scale are often set up to have a logarithmic relationship to fit with data; — numeric descriptors are added to scale points, the meanings of which are described qualitatively. The use of semi-quantitative scales can lead to misinterpretations if the basis for any calculations is not explained carefully.

Therefore, semi-quantitative approaches should be validated and used with caution. Where a risk is analysed in quantitative terms, it should be ensured that appropriate units and dimensions are used and carried over through the assessment. Qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques can be used only to compare risks with other risks measured in the same way or with criteria expressed in the same terms.

They cannot be used for directly combining or aggregating risks and they are very difficult to use in situations where there are both positive and negative consequences or when trade-offs are to be made between risks. When quantitative estimates for a consequence and its likelihood are combined as a simple product to provide a magnitude for a risk, information can be lost. In particular, there is no distinction between risks with high consequence and low likelihood and those with low consequences that occur frequently.

To compensate for this, a weighting factor may be applied to either the consequence or likelihood; but this should be used with care. Risk cannot always be adequately described or estimated as a single value representing the likelihood of a specific consequence. In this case estimating a valid magnitude for risk in terms of likelihood and consequence becomes impossible. When a risk has a distribution of possible consequences, a measure of risk can be obtained as the probability weighted average of the consequences i.

the expectation value. However, this might not always be a good measure of risk because it reflects the mean consequence of the distribution. This results in loss of information about less likely consequences that can be severe and hence important for understanding risk. Techniques for dealing with extreme values are not included in this document.

Consequence based metrics such as the maximum credible loss or probable maximum loss are mainly used when it is difficult to define which controls have the capability of failing or where there is insufficient data on which to base estimates of likelihood.

The magnitude of risk depends on the assumptions made about the presence and effectiveness of relevant controls. Terms such as inherent or gross risk for the situation where those controls which can fail are assumed to do so and residual or net risk for the level of a risk when controls are assumed to operate as intended are often used by practitioners.

However, it is difficult to define these terms unambiguously and it is therefore advisable to always state explicitly the assumptions made about controls. When reporting a magnitude of risk, either qualitatively or quantitatively, the uncertainties associated with assumptions and with the input and output parameters should be described.

Provided the risks are characterized by a single consequence, measured in the same units, such as monetary value, they can in principle be combined. That is, they can be combined only when consequences and likelihood are stated quantitatively and the units are consistent and correct.

In some situations, a measure of utility can be used as a common scale to quantify and combine consequences that are measured in different units. Developing a single consolidated value for a set of more complex risks loses information about the component risks. In addition, unless great care is taken, the consolidated value can be inaccurate and has the potential to be misleading.

All methods of aggregating risks to a single value have underlying assumptions which should be understood before being applied. Data should be analysed to seek correlations and dependencies which will affect how risks combine. Modelling techniques used to produce an aggregate level of risk should be supported by scenario analysis and stress testing.

Where models incorporate calculations involving distributions, they should include correlations between those distributions in an appropriate manner. If correlation is not taken into account appropriately the outcomes will be inaccurate and may be grossly misleading. Consolidating risks by simply adding them up is not a reliable basis for decision making and could lead to undesired results.

Monte Carlo simulation can be used to combine distributions see B. Qualitative or semi-quantitative measures of risk cannot be directly aggregated.

Equally, only general qualitative statements can be made about the relative effectiveness of controls based on qualitative or semi-quantitative measures of changes in level of risk. Relevant data about different risks can be brought together in a variety of ways to assist decision makers.

It is possible to conduct a qualitative aggregation based on expert opinion, taking into account more detailed risk information. The assumptions made and information used to conduct qualitative aggregations of risk should be clearly articulated. IEC  IEC — 25 — 6. For example, an individual's risk of a fatality from an event such as a dam failure might need to be considered differently from the same event affecting a group of individuals together.

Societal risk is typically expressed and evaluated in terms of the relationship between the frequency of occurrence of a consequence F and the number of people bearing the consequences N. See F-N diagrams in B. Techniques that provide a measure of risk are described in Clause B. Verification involves checking that the analysis was done correctly. Validation involves checking that the right analysis was done to achieve the required objectives. For some situations verification and validation can involve independent review processes.

Uncertainties and their implications should always be communicated to decision makers. When a lack of reliable data is recognized during the analysis, further data should be collected, if practicable. This can involve implementing new monitoring arrangements. Alternatively, the analysis process should be adjusted to take account of the data limitations. A sensitivity analysis can be carried out to evaluate the significance of uncertainties in data or in the assumptions underlying the analysis.

Sensitivity analysis involves determining the relative change to the results brought about by changes in individual input parameters. It is used to identify data that need to be accurate, and those that are less sensitive and hence have less effect upon overall accuracy. Parameters to which the analysis is sensitive and the degree of sensitivity should be stated where appropriate. Parameters that are critical to the assessment and that are subject to change should be identified for on-going monitoring, so that the risk assessment can be updated, and, if necessary, decisions reconsidered.

Where a sensitivity analysis indicates parameters of particular importance to the outcome of an analysis, these should also be considered for monitoring. Assessments should be reviewed periodically to identify whether change has occurred, including changes in the context or in assumptions, and whether there is new information or new methods available. NOTE An understanding of risk can inform actions even where no explicit decision-making process is followed.

The factors to consider when making decisions and any specific criteria should have been defined as part of establishing the context for the assessment see 6. This provides an input into decisions about whether risk is acceptable or requires treatment, and any priorities for treatment. Some risks may be accepted for a finite time for example, to allow time to actually implement treatments.

The assessor should be clear about the mechanisms for temporarily accepting risks and the process to be used for subsequent reconsideration. This method has some limitations see B. Once risks have been evaluated and treatments decided, the risk assessment process can be repeated to check that proposed treatments have not created additional adverse risks and that the risk remaining after treatment is within the organization's risk appetite.

Techniques that can be used when comparing options that involve uncertainty are described in Clause B. The way in which records are to be reviewed and updated should be defined. It follows that any documentation or records should be provided in a timely manner and be in a form that can be understood by those who will read it. Documents should also provide the necessary technical depth for validation, and sufficient detail to preserve the assessment for future use.

The information provided should be sufficient to allow both the processes followed and the outcomes to be reviewed and validated. Assumptions made, limitations in data or methods, and reasons for any recommendations made should be clear. Risk should be expressed in understandable terms, and the units in which quantitative measures are expressed should be clear and correct.

Those presenting the results should characterize their confidence or that of their team in the accuracy and completeness of the results. Uncertainties should be adequately communicated so that the report does not imply a level of certainty beyond the reality.

Techniques for recording and reporting are described in Clause B. Annexes A and B list and further explain some commonly used techniques. They describe the characteristics of each technique and its possible range of application, together with its inherent strengths and weaknesses. Many of the techniques described in this document were originally developed for particular industries seeking to manage particular types of unwanted outcomes.

Several of the techniques are similar, but use different terminologies, reflecting their independent development for a similar purpose in different sectors. Over time the application of many of the techniques has broadened, for example extending from technical engineering applications to financial or managerial situations, or to consider positive as well as negative outcomes.

New techniques have emerged and old ones have been adapted to new circumstances. The techniques and their applications continue to evolve. There is potential for enhanced understanding of risk by using techniques outside their original application.

Annexes A and B therefore indicate the characteristics of techniques that can be used to determine the range of circumstances to which they can be applied. IEC  IEC — 29 — 7. In general terms, the number and type of technique selected should be scaled to the significance of the decision, and take into account constraints on time and other resources, and opportunity costs.

In deciding whether a qualitative or quantitative technique is more appropriate, the main criteria to consider are the form of output of most use to stakeholders and the availability and reliability of data. Quantitative techniques generally require high quality data if they are to provide meaningful results. However, in some cases where data is not sufficient, the rigour needed to apply a quantitative technique can provide an improved understanding of the risk, even though the result of the calculation might be uncertain.

There is often a choice of techniques relevant for a given circumstance. Several techniques might need to be considered, and applying more than one technique can sometimes provide useful additional understanding. The characteristics of the techniques relevant to these requirements are listed in Table A. Table A. As the degree of uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of the context increases then the need to consult a wider group of stakeholders will increase, with implications for the combination of techniques selected.

NOTE For example, IEC TR [50] guides how to use ETA, FTA and Markov techniques in a complementary way so that the combined use is an efficient way to analyse risk of complex systems. Some of the techniques described in this document can be applied during steps of the ISO risk management process in addition to their usage in risk assessment.

Application of the techniques to the risk management process is illustrated in Figure A. Annex B contains an overview of each technique, its use, its inputs and outputs, its strengths and limitations and, where applicable, a reference for where further detail can be found. Within each grouping, techniques are arranged alphabetically and no order of importance is implied.

The majority of techniques in Annex B assume that risks or sources of risk can be identified. There are also techniques which can be used to indirectly assess residual risk by considering controls and requirements that are in place see for example IEC [36]. While this document discusses and provides example techniques, the techniques described are non-exhaustive and no recommendation is made as to the efficacy of any given technique in any given circumstance. Care should be taken in selecting any technique to ensure that it is appropriate, reliable and effective in the given circumstance.

IEC  IEC — 31 — Annex A informative Categorization of techniques A. features indicators Application How the technique is used in risk Elicit views, identify, analyse cause, assessment see titles of Clauses B. The techniques described represent structured ways of looking at the problem in hand that have been found useful in particular contexts.

The list is not intended to be comprehensive but covers a range of commonly used techniques from a variety of sectors. For simplicity the techniques are listed in alphabetical order without any priority. Each technique is described in more detail in Annex B, as referenced in column 1 of Table A. risk B. A basic Bayesian network has estimate diagrams variables representing uncertainties.

An risk extended version, known as an influence decide diagram, includes variables representing between uncertainties, consequences and actions. options B. analyse controls describe risk B. moderate B. medium the organization which determines the recovery priorities of an organization's analyse products and services and, thereby, the controls priorities of the activities and resources which deliver them.

causes B. Both causes and consequences of conseq. an initiating event are considered. low to use B. These form systemic sources and drivers of risk.

IEC  IEC B. Outcomes are usually expressed in monetary terms or in terms of utility. An alternative representation of a decision tree is an influence diagram see B. People participate individually but receive feedback on the responses of others after each set of questions.

Le marché des changes, plus communément appelé le Forex, permet de convertir une monnaie dans une autre monnaie mais aussi de mener une activité de trading. Plus de milliards de dollars s'y échangent chaque jour, ce qui en fait le marché financier le plus vaste et le plus liquide du monde. Le Forex étant un marché de gré à gré OTC, over-the-counter gigantesque et décentralisé, il est nécessaire de bien se renseigner avant de choisir son broker Forex. Avant de sélectionner le meilleur broker Forex, il est également important de prendre le temps de lire les critiques des clients afin de vous faire une idée sur la qualité de ses services.

Choisir le bon broker est essentiel pour se lancer dans le trading de devises dans de bonnes conditions. Pour cette édition des meilleurs brokers Forex , l'équipe de TopBrokers. Com a passé beaucoup de temps à collecter et compiler des informations rigoureuses pour mettre sur pied la liste des principaux brokers.

Le tableau dynamique ci-dessous permet de comparer les différents brokers et d'ajuster vos préférences selon les spécificités que vous recherchez en priorité. Deposit bonus can only be credited to a verified account. Deposit bonuses can only be credited to any MT4 MT5 account. Bonus monies may be used for tr. Ceux qui envisagent de s'aventurer sur le Forex se demandent probablement si le trading pourra les rendre riche.

Certains experts diront « non », d'autres diront « oui », mais sous certaines réserves. Se lancer dans le trading Forex demande d'investir de l'argent, faire des recherches approfondies, d'avoir le courage de prendre des risques et de choisir le meilleur Broker. Le Forex n'est pas exactement un eldorado pour devenir milliardaire. Comme pour tout, devenir un bon trader Forex nécessite de travailler dur, de faire preuve de dévouement, de discipline, de prudence, de persévérance, de patience et de bien gérer son temps.

Même les plus grands investisseurs comme Warren Buffett, Carl Icahn, Benjamin Graham, Peter Lynch et George Soros ont pu perdre d'importantes sommes d'argent.

Eux aussi ont commis des erreurs au cours de leur carrière. Aucun investisseur n'est infaillible mais tout le monde apprend davantage de ses échecs plutôt que de ses succès. Soyez prêt à prendre des coups avant de récolter les fruits de votre travail car la réussite sur le Forex ne s'obtient pas en un claquement de doigts.

Il n'y a pas de raccourci pour maîtriser le trading Forex et personne ne devrait prétendre le contraire. Passer en revue tous les brokers peut être une tâche décourageante mais elle est nécessaire afin de pouvoir investir sans crainte. Le broker ECN Electronic Communications Network est un système de trading électronique où plusieurs fournisseurs de liquidités confrontent leurs offres d'achats et de ventes de devises, d'actions ou d'autres produits financiers.

Il existe aujourd'hui de nombreux brokers ECN Forex qui sont très bien. Les ECN passent des ordres via un système de carnet d'ordres public. Ces brokers excluent le recours à une tierce partie pour faciliter les transactions mis à part lorsqu'ils permettent à leurs client de passer des ordres en dehors des heures de trading.

Inversement, les Market Makers MM transmettent en continu des prix à l'achat et à la vente et sont en compétition pour obtenir les ordres des investisseurs. Pour rester en piste, les Market maker Forex brokers doivent maintenir les prix à la vente et à l'achat, au sein d'un écart spread prédéterminé. En d'autre termes, le market maker propose continuellement des prix à l'achat et à la vente afin de s'assurer tous les ordres transmis au marché trouvent rapidement une contrepartie.

Les market makers sont des catalyseurs du marché secondaire en augmentant la liquidité et donc la croissance de long terme du Forex. Le DD agrège les ordres de ses clients avant de les transférer sous la forme d'un gros ordre auprès des banques d'investissement qui s'occupent de réaliser effectivement la conversion. Les banques et les entités financières ont aussi des DD pour faciliter leurs échanges de titres boursiers et autres instruments financiers en dehors du marché des changes.

Il est courant d'avoir plusieurs DD partout dans le monde. Bien que les transactions soient effectuées rapidement, elles sont traitées par une société de courtage Forex intermédiaire Dans les années , les sociétés de courtage ont commencé à utiliser le DMA à la place du MM pour gérer les transactions.

Consultez la liste complète des meilleurs brokers DMA Forex pour les comparer. Contrairement aux DD, les NDD ont des spreads flottants et cette liquidité permet de fixer les prix. Vous pouvez trouver tous les brokers NDD Forex sur TopBrokers. STP est un processus utilisé par des sociétés financières pour accélérer le temps de traitement d'une transaction sans implication humaine. Les traders Forex peuvent choisir parmi une large gamme de paires de devises. Les experts conseillent toutefois de se concentrer sur un nombre limité de devises pour commencer.

Les paires de devises les plus courantes utilisées par les traders sont classées en tant que paires majeures. Il existe également ce que l'on appelle des paires exotiques qui se composent d'une devise principale et de la devise d'un pays en développement.

Bien qu'il existe de nombreuses paires de devises disponibles, commencer par une ou seulement quelques paires à la fois peut faciliter votre activité de trading car différentes paires sont impactées par différentes nouvelles de marché.

Dépôt initial — Au début, seuls les grandes banques, les entreprises et les investisseurs fortunés pouvaient avoir un accès au marché FX. Les brokers offrent également plusieurs types de comptes de trading.

Bien entendu, tout dépôt ou retrait effectué sur un compte nécessitera le paiement de frais. Les paiements par carte de débit et de crédit sont courants, de même que les systèmes de paiement en ligne tels que PayPal, Skrill et Neteller. Les clients peuvent utiliser la même méthode pour les dépôts et les retraits. Grâce aux commissions et les spreads. Une commission est une somme prélevée par un broker Forex tandis que le spread est la différence entre le prix proposé à l'achat et le prix proposé à la vente.

Certains brokers Forex insistent sur le fait qu'ils ne réalisent des profits qu'avec les spreads. Le spread peut être flottant ou fixe. Pour attirer les clients, la plupart des brokers Forex affirment que leurs spreads sont fixes sur les paires majeures. Effet de levier - L'effet de levier permet aux traders de démultiplier leur capital. Il est permis par les brokers qui leur prêtent une certaine somme pour renforcer le potentiel de gain.

C'est une épée à double tranchant car si l'effet de levier augmente les gains, ils augmente aussi les pertes dans la même proportion. La marge — C'est un concept relativement nouveau pour les investisseurs qui évoluent sur le Forex.

La marge dépend de la taille de la position. Outre des conditions de trading flexibles et compétitives, les traders doivent pouvoir déposer et retirer leurs fonds en toute simplicité.

Un bon broker Forex fournit diverses options de paiement à ses clients. Les cartes de débit et de crédit ainsi que les options de virement bancaire ne sont que quelques-unes des options de paiement par défaut. Un certain nombre de systèmes de paiement électronique ont vu le jour grâce aux progrès technologiques. PayPal , Skrill , Neteller et Webmoney sont les méthodes les plus couramment utilisées.

Lorsque vous choisissez une option de paiement, tenez compte de la commission ou des frais facturés par les systèmes de paiement mentionnés.

Il est également vital de prendre en compte la sécurité des fonds. Qu'il s'agisse d'une question ou d'une plainte, le service client doit être en mesure de fournir une réponse rapide et de résoudre un problème le plus rapidement possible.

Afin de bien répondre aux besoins de leurs clients et de les satisfaire au maximum, les brokers Forex forment méticuleusement leur personnel pendant plusieurs semaines afin qu'ils puissent répondre à toutes les questions concernant le trading de devises, les produits ou les services du broker.

Le service clientèle doit connaître le trading sur le Forex et les produits ou services proposés sur le bout des doigts s'il veut prétendre pouvoir gérer les problèmes rencontrés par un client et lui apporter une solution rapidement. En plus de rester d'être organisé, un bon service clientèle doit savoir écouter ses clients. Nombreux sont ceux qui ne bénéficient que d'une formation bateau visant à «parcourir le script» et qui oublient de véritablement écouter leurs clients.

Ils ne faut pas interrompre le client en cours d'appel. L'art de la conversation est avant tout de laisser autrui s'exprimer entièrement. Ce n'est qu'ensuite qu'un personnel de service clientelle peut prendre la parole et poser les bonnes questions pour déterminer comment résoudre le problème de son client. Les clients sont en général impatients, surtout lorsqu'ils ont des questions ou des préoccupations.

Il s'agit d'être en mesure de répondre rapidement aux demandes par e-mail ou via des comptes de réseaux sociaux. Les broker Forex pourraient aussi fournir une sorte de divertissement pour tuer le temps attendent d'être pris en charge par téléphone. Le meilleur Broker Forex en doit être déclaré et agréé avant de proposer et de faire la publicité de ses services.

Les gouvernements, par le biais des régulateurs financiers, ont différentes réglementations auxquelles un broker agréé doit se conformer. Ces autorités de surveillance supervisent et réglementent essentiellement les banques, les brokers Forex, les courtiers en bourse, les entreprises financières et les fonds d'investissement.

Les régulateurs sécurisent le marché mondial en inspectant les entreprises et en détectant les activités illicites le cas échéant.

Les brokers Forex indiquent sur leur site internet quel régulateur supervise leurs activités. Créée en , la National Futures Association NFA et la Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC sont les autorités de réglementation des brokers Forex qui opèrent aux États-Unis. Elle offre également aux acteurs du secteur des formations afin d'informer les acteurs de marché à propos des règles en vigueur et de leurs obligations.

Les marchés des contrats à terme et des options américains sont surveillés par la CFTC. Créée en , cette autorité supervise les sociétés financières actives sur les marchés des produits dérivés. Sa mission est de maintenir la transparence, la compétitivité et la stabilité des marchés financiers en vue de protéger les investisseurs contre la fraude et les manipulations de marché.

Cet organisme à but non lucratif veille à l'équité, l'intégrité et la transparence sur les marchés et s'assure que les brokers respectent les réglementations financières. Cette organisation dépend de la Canadian Securities Administrators CSA. L'autorité de réglementation au Royaume-Uni, la Financial Conduct Authority FCA , supervise près de 60 sociétés et institutions de services financiers dans le pays.

Fondée en , cette autorité de réglementation indépendante est chargée de protéger les investisseurs, de maintenir la stabilité du marché et de favoriser la concurrence. Vous pouvez consulter les meilleurs brokers Forex régulés par la FCA sur notre site internet.

L'autorité de réglementation financière australienne ASIC a pour mission de réglementer les sociétés et les organismes financiers en Australie. Créée en , l'ASIC est l'organisme de réglementation des entreprises, des marchés et des services financiers qui est chargé de faire respecter les réglementations financières et de s'assurer du bon fonctionnement du système financier pour les investisseur en Australie. Le régulateur est chargé de superviser les banques, les compagnies d'assurance, les brokers et les bourses en Suisse.

La FSA s'occupe de superviser les entités privées, de l'élaboration de règles et de bonnes pratiques, de la création de normes et de faire respecter les réglementations en vigueur. Une plateforme de trading Forex permet aux traders FX de passer leurs ordres et d'avoir accès à certaines données de marché. Dit autrement, une plateforme de trading sert de passerelle entre les traders et le Forex. Les plateformes peuvent généralement être installées sous divers systèmes d'exploitation tels que Linux, Mac et Windows.

Certaines entreprises proposent des plateformes de trading Web pouvant être exécutées à l'aide de Java, un langage de programmation pointu et largement utilisé.

Approval of the state legislature is higher than approval of the US Congress. Ela é responsável por supervisionar bancos, dealers e bolsas na suíça. This can result in different perceptions about the level of a risk and different criteria by which individuals make decisions. Il existe des indicateurs, l'aide de commerçants plus professionnels, je pense que c'est génial pour un débutant et un pro. Neighbor Hate Thread.

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