You can paste it back using the p command. The vim name for this is "put". Take a look at how this works. First you delete an entire line, by putting the cursor on the line you want to delete and typing " dd ".

Now you move the cursor to where you want to put the line and use the " p " put command. The line is inserted on the line below the cursor. Because you deleted an entire line, the " p " command placed the text line below the cursor. If you delete part of a line a word, for instance , the " p " command puts it just after the cursor.

The " P " command puts text like " p ", but before the cursor. When you deleted a whole line with " dd ", " P " will put it back above the cursor. When you deleted a word with " dw ", " P " will put it back just before the cursor. You can use a count with " p " and " P ". The text will be repeated as many times as specified with the count. Thus " dd " and then " 3p " puts three copies of the same deleted line. vim makes it easy to correct such problems such as accidentally typing "teh" for "the".

Just put the cursor on the e of "teh" and execute the command "xp". This works as follows: " x " deletes the character e and places it in a register. To copy text from one place to another, you could delete it, use " u " to undo the deletion and then " p " to put it somewhere else. There is an easier way: yanking. The " y " operator copies text into a register. Then a " p " command can be used to put it. Yanking is just a vim name for copying.

The " c " letter was already used for the change operator, and " y " was still available. Calling this operator "yank" made it easier to remember to use the " y " key.

Since " y " is an operator, you use " yw " to yank a word. A count is possible as usual. To yank two words use " y2w ". Notice that " yw " includes the white space after a word. If you don't want this, use " ye ".

The " yy " command yanks a whole line, just like " dd " deletes a whole line. Unexpectedly, while " D " deletes from the cursor to the end of the line, " Y " works like " yy ", it yanks the whole line.

Watch out for this inconsistency! If you are using the GUI version of vim gvim , you can find the "Copy" item in the "Edit" menu.

The selected text is now copied to the clipboard. You can paste the text in other programs. In vim itself too. This works in Normal mode and Insert mode. In Visual mode the selected text is replaced with the pasted text. The "Cut" menu item deletes the text before it's put on the clipboard. The "Copy", "Cut" and "Paste" items are also available in the popup menu only when there is a popup menu, of course.

If your vim has a toolbar, you can also find these items there. If you are not using the GUI, or if you don't like using a menu, you have to use another way. To copy a line to the clipboard:. If the cursor is in the middle of a word and you want to delete that word, you need to move back to its start before you can do "dw".

There is a simpler way to do this: " daw ". The " d " of " daw " is the delete operator. Hint: " aw " stands for "A Word". Thus " daw " is "Delete A Word". To be precise, the white space after the word is also deleted the white space before the word at the end of the line. Using text objects is the third way to make changes in vim.

We already had operator-motion and Visual mode. Now we add operator-text object. It is very similar to operator-motion, but instead of operating on the text between the cursor position before and after a movement command, the text object is used as a whole. It doesn't matter where in the object the cursor was. The cursor is in between the blanks in the first line. Now you type the new sentence "Another line. This stands for "Inner Sentence".

There is also the "as" a sentence object. The difference is that "as" includes the white space after the sentence and "is" doesn't. If you would delete a sentence, you want to delete the white space at the same time, thus use " das ".

If you want to type new text the white space can remain, thus you use " cis ". You can also use text objects in Visual mode. It will include the text object in the Visual selection. Visual mode continues, thus you can do this several times. For example, start Visual mode with " v " and select a sentence with " as ".

Now you can repeat " as " to include more sentences. Finally you use an operator to do something with the selected sentences. The " R " command causes vim to enter replace mode.

In this mode, each character you type replaces the one under the cursor. In this example, you start Replace mode on the first " t " of " text ":. You may have noticed that this command replaced 5 characters in the line with twelve others. The " R " command automatically extends the line if it runs out of characters to replace. It will not continue on the next line. Thus it works like an undo command for the last typed character.

The operators, movement commands and text objects give you the possibility to make lots of combinations. For example, there are other ways to delete pieces of text. Here are a few often used ones:. If you use " c " instead of " d " they become change commands. And with " y " you yank the text. And so forth. There are a few often used commands to make changes that didn't fit somewhere else:. You probably got tired of typing commands that you use very often. To start vim with all your favorite option settings and mappings, you write them in what is called the vimrc file.

vim executes the commands in this file when it starts up. If you already have a vimrc file e. If you don't have a vimrc file yet, you can create one. The " :version " command mentions the name of the "user vimrc file" vim looks for.

The vimrc file can contain all the commands that you type after a colon. The most simple ones are for setting options. For example, if you want vim to always start with the ' incsearch ' option on, add this line you your vimrc file:.

For this new line to take effect you need to exit vim and start it again. Later you will learn how to do this without exiting vim. A mapping enables you to bind a set of vim commands to a single key. Suppose, for example, that you need to surround certain words with curly braces. In other words, you need to change a word such as "amount" into "{amount}". With the :map command, you can tell vim that the F5 key does this job.

The command is as follows:. Watch out for this difference. After you execute the " :map " command, all you have to do to put {} around a word is to put the cursor on the first character and press F5. In this example, the trigger is a single key; it can be any string.

But when you use an existing vim command, that command will no longer be available. You better avoid that. One key that can be used with mappings is the backslash. Since you probably want to define more than one mapping, add another character.

The " :map " command with no arguments lists your current mappings. At least the ones for Normal mode. vim 's functionality can be extended by adding plugins. A plugin is nothing more than a vim script file that is loaded automatically when vim starts. You can add a plugin very easily by dropping it in your plugin directory.

There are two types of plugins: global plugins, which are used for all kinds of files; and filetype plugins, which are only used for a specific type of file.

When you start vim , it will automatically load a number of global plugins. You don't have to do anything for this. They add functionality that most people will want to use, but which was implemented as a vim script instead of being compiled in.

You can add a global plugin to add functionality that will always be present when you use vim. There are only two steps for adding a global plugin: get a copy of the plugin, and drop it in the right directory. Some global plugins come with vim. First read the text in the plugin itself to check for any special conditions. Then copy the file to your plugin directory:.

vim " for all your Perl plugins. The vim distribution comes with a set of plugins for different filetypes that you can start using with this command:. If you are missing a plugin for a filetype you are using, or you found a better one, you can add it. There are two steps for adding a filetype plugin: get a copy of the plugin, and drop it in the right directory.

vim is an extensive program, and so it has a lot of options! Most of them you will hardly ever use. Some of the more useful ones will be mentioned here. Don't forget you can find more help on these options with the " :help " command, with single quotes before and after the option name.

vim normally wraps long lines, so that you can see all of the text. Sometimes it's better to let the text continue right of the window. Then you need to scroll the text left-right to see all of a long line.

Switch wrapping off with this command:. vim will automatically scroll the text when you move to text that is not displayed. To see a context of ten characters, do this:. Most commands for moving around will stop moving at the start and end of a line.

You can change that with the ' whichwrap ' option. This sets it to the default value:. This is still only for Normal mode. That should work in most situations to get color in your files.

The vim command will automagically detect the type of file and load the right syntax highlighting. Suddenly comments are blue, keywords brown and strings red.

This makes it easy to overview the file. If you always want to use syntax highlighting, put the " :syntax enable " command in your vimrc file.

If you want syntax highlighting only when the terminal supports colors, you can put this in your vimrc file:. If you want syntax highlighting only in the GUI version, put the " :syntax enable " command in your gvimrc file.

vim guesses the background color that you are using. If it is black or another dark color it will use light colors for text. If it is white or another light color it will use dark colors for text. If vim guessed wrong the text will be hard to read. To solve this, set the ' background ' option. For a dark background:. Make sure you put this before the " :syntax enable " command, otherwise the colors will already have been set. You could do " :syntax reset " after setting ' background ' to make vim set the default colors again.

If you don't like the default colors, you can select another color scheme. You can also type the command:. There are several others you might want to try out. When you found the color scheme that you like, add the " :colorscheme " command to your vimrc file.

Copy this file to your vim directory. For Unix, this should work. These commands are done from within vim :. Attributes you can use for " cterm " and " gui " are " bold " and " underline ". If you want both, use " bold,underline ".

Put this line in your vimrc :. If you want to see what the most often used color combinations look like, use this command:. You will see text in various color combinations. You can check which ones are readable and look nice. You can use any file name instead of "foo. vim will close the current file and open the new one. If the current file has unsaved changes, however, vim displays an error message and does not open the new file:. vim puts an error ID at the start of each error message.

If you do not understand the message or what caused it, look in the help system for this ID. In this case:. At this point, you have a number of alternatives. You can write the file using this command:.

Or you can force vim to discard your changes and edit the new file, using the force! If you want to edit another file, but not write the changes in the current file yet, you can make it hidden:. This command starts vim and tells it that you will be editing three files. vim displays just the first file. After you have done your thing in this file, to edit the next file you use this command:. If you have unsaved changes in the current file, you will get an error message and the " :next " will not work.

This is the same problem as with " :edit " mentioned in the previous section. To abandon the changes:. But mostly you want to save the changes and move on to the next file. There is a special command for this:. To see which file in the argument list you are editing, look in the window title. It should show something like " 2 of 3 ". This means you are editing the second file out of three files. These are the files you started vim with. The one you are currently editing, "two.

c", is in square brackets. This is just like the " :next " command, except that it moves in the other direction. Again, there is a shortcut command for when you want to write the file first:. You can use a count for " :next " and " :previous ". To skip two files forward:. Usually vim does not produce a backup file. If you want to have one, all you need to do is execute the following command:. The name of the backup file is the original file with a tilde " ~ " added to the end.

If your file is named data. txt , for example, the backup file name is data. If you do not like the fact that the backup files end with ~ , you can change the extension:. Another option that matters here is ' backupdir '. It specifies where the backup file is written. The default, to write the backup in the same directory as the original file, will mostly be the right thing. When the ' backup ' option isn't set but the ' writebackup ' is, vim still creates a backup file. However, it is deleted as soon as writing the file was completed successfully.

This functions as a safety against losing your original file when writing fails in some way disk full is the most common cause. If you are editing source files, you might want to keep the file before you make any changes. But the backup file will be overwritten each time you write the file. Thus it only contains the previous version, not the first one. To make vim keep the original file, set the 'patchmode' option.

This specifies the extension used for the first backup of a changed file. Usually you would do this:. When you now edit the file data. txt for the first time, make changes and write the file, vim keeps a copy of the unchanged file under the name " data.

orig ". If you make further changes to the file, vim notices that " data. orig " already exists and leave it alone. Further backup files will then be called " data. txt~ " or whatever you specified with ' backupext '. If you leave ' patchmode ' empty that is the default , the original file will not be kept. When you want to copy several pieces of text from one file to another, having to switch between the files and writing the target file takes a lot of time. To avoid this, copy each piece of text to its own register.

A register is a place where vim stores text. Here we will use the registers named a to z later you find out there are others. Let's copy a sentence to the f register f for First :. The " yas " command yanks a sentence like before. It's the "f that tells vim the text should be place in the f register. This must come just before the yank command. The count could be before the "l just as well.

To yank a block of text to the b for block register:. Notice that the register specification "b is just before the "y" command. This is required. If you would have put it before the "w" command, it would not have worked. Now you have three pieces of text in the f , l and b registers.

Edit another file, move around and place the text where you want it:. Again, the register specification "f comes before the " p " command. You can put the registers in any order. And the text stays in the register until you yank something else into it. Thus you can put it as many times as you like. When you delete text, you can also specify a register. Use this to move several pieces of text around. For example, to delete-a-word and write it in the w register:. Again, the register specification comes before the delete command " d.

Sometimes you only want to see what a file contains, without the intention to ever write it back. There is the risk that you type " :w " without thinking and overwrite the original file anyway. To avoid this, edit the file read-only. You are now editing "file" in read-only mode. When you try using ":w," you get an error message and the file won't be written. The change will be done though. This allows for formatting the file, for example, to be able to read it easily.

If you make changes to a file and forgot that it was read-only, you can still write it. Add the! to the write command to force writing. Now every attempt to change the text will fail. The help files are like this, for example.

If you try to make a change you get this error message:. You could use the -M argument to set up vim to work in a viewer mode. This is only voluntary though, since these commands remove the protection:. A clever way to start editing a new file is using an existing file that contains most of what you need.

For example, you start writing a new program to move a file. You know that you already have a program that copies a file, thus you start with:. You can delete the stuff you don't need.

Now you need to save the file under a new name. The " :saveas " command can be used for this:. vim writes the file under the given name, and edit that file. Thus the next time you do " :write ," it writes " move.

c " remains unmodified. When you want to change the name of the file you are editing, but don't want to write the file, you can use this command:. vim will mark the file as "not edited. When you try to write the file, you might get this message:. This command splits the screen into two windows and leaves the cursor in the top one:. What you see here is two windows on the same file. It displays information about the window above it.

In practice, the status line will be in reverse video. The two windows allow you to view two parts of the same file. For example, you could make the top window show the variable declarations of a program, and the bottom one the code that uses these variables. The Ctrl-W w command can be used to jump between the windows. If you are in the top window, Ctrl-W w jumps to the window below it. If you are in the bottom window it jumps to the first window.

Ctrl-W Ctrl-W does the same thing, in case you let go of the Ctrl key a bit later. Actually, any command that quits editing a file works, like " :quit " and " ZZ ". But " :close " prevents you from accidentally exiting vim when you close the last window. If you have opened a whole bunch of windows, but now want to concentrate on one of them, this command will be useful:. This closes all windows, except for the current one. If any of the other windows has changes, you will get an error message and that window won't be closed.

You can repeat the ":split" and ":new" commands to create as many windows as you like. The " :split " command can take a number argument. If specified, this is the height of the new window. For example, the following opens a new window three lines high and starts editing the file alpha. For existing windows you can change the size in several ways. When you have a working mouse, it is easy: Move the mouse pointer to the status line that separates two windows, and drag it up or down.

Both of these commands take a count and increase or decrease the window size by that many lines. That's: a number {height} , Ctrl-W and then an underscore. In vim you can do many things very quickly from the keyboard. Unfortunately, the window resizing commands require quite a bit of typing. In this case, using the mouse is faster.

Position the mouse pointer on a status line. Now press the left mouse button and drag. The status line moves, thus making the window on one side higher and the other smaller. The ' winheight ' option can be set to a minimal desired height of a window and ' winminheight ' to a hard minimum height.

Likewise, there is ' winwidth ' for the minimal desired width and ' winminwidth ' for the hard minimum width. The ' equalalways ' option, when set, makes vim equalize the windows sizes when a window is closed or opened. The " :split " command creates the new window above the current one. To make the window appear at the left side, use:. Actually, the lines in the middle will be in reverse video. This is called the vertical separator.

It separates the two windows left and right of it. There is also the " :vnew " command, to open a vertically split window on a new, empty file. Another way to do this:. The " :vertical "" command can be inserted before another command that splits a window. This causes that command to split the window vertically instead of horizontally. If the command doesn't split a window, it works unmodified. Since you can split windows horizontally and vertically as much as you like, you can create almost any layout of windows.

Then you can use these commands to move between them:. You will notice the same letters as used for moving the cursor. And the cursor keys can also be used, if you like. You have split a few windows, but now they are in the wrong place. Then you need a command to move the window somewhere else. For example, you have three windows like this:. Clearly the last one should be at the top. Go to that window using Ctrl-W w and the type this command: Ctrl-W K.

This uses the uppercase letter K. What happens is that the window is moved to the very top. You will notice that K is again used for moving upwards. When you have vertical splits, Ctrl-W K moves the current window to the top and make it occupy the full width of the vim window. If this is your layout:. When you have several windows open and you want to quit vim , you can close each window separately.

A quicker way is using this command:. This stands for "quit all. The cursor will automatically be positioned in a window with changes. You can then either use " :write " to save the changes, or " :quit! If you know there are windows with changes, and you want to save all these changes, use this command:.

This stands for "write all". But actually, it only writes files with changes. The vim command knows it doesn't make sense to write files that were not changed. When the connection request is made, the existing sections are scanned. If a match is found, it is used. If no match is found, the requested section name is treated as a username and looked up in the local password file.

If the name exists and the correct password has been given, a share is created by cloning the [homes] section. For example:. This is a fast and simple way to give a large number of clients access to their home directories with a minimum of fuss. This method of using the [homes] section works well if different users share a client PC. The [homes] section can specify all the parameters a normal service section can specify, though some make more sense than others.

The following is a typical and suitable [homes] section:. An important point is that if guest access is specified in the [homes] section, all home directories will be visible to all clients without a password.

In the very unlikely event that this is actually desirable, it is wise to also specify read only access. The browseable flag for auto home directories will be inherited from the global browseable flag, not the [homes] browseable flag. If a [printers] section occurs in the configuration file, users are able to connect to any printer specified in the local host's printcap file.

When a connection request is made, the existing sections are scanned. If no match is found, but a [homes] section exists, it is used as described above. Otherwise, the requested section name is treated as a printer name and the appropriate printcap file is scanned to see if the requested section name is a valid printer share name. If a match is found, a new printer share is created by cloning the [printers] section. If the share does not permit guest access and no username was given, the username is set to the located printer name.

The [printers] service MUST be printable - if you specify otherwise, the server will refuse to load the configuration file. Typically the path specified is that of a world-writeable spool directory with the sticky bit set on it. A typical [printers] entry looks like this:.

All aliases given for a printer in the printcap file are legitimate printer names as far as the server is concerned. If your printing subsystem doesn't work like that, you will have to set up a pseudo-printcap. This is a file consisting of one or more lines like this:. Each alias should be an acceptable printer name for your printing subsystem. In the [global] section, specify the new file as your printcap. The server will only recognize names found in your pseudo-printcap, which of course can contain whatever aliases you like.

The same technique could be used simply to limit access to a subset of your local printers. An alias, by the way, is defined as any component of the first entry of a printcap record.

Records are separated by newlines, components if there are more than one are separated by vertical bar symbols. See the printcap name option for more details. Starting with Samba version 3. This capability is called usershares and is controlled by a set of parameters in the [global] section of the smb.

The relevant parameters are :. Points to the directory containing the user defined share definitions. The filesystem permissions on this directory control who can create user defined shares. Comma-separated list of absolute pathnames restricting what directories can be shared. Only directories below the pathnames in this list are permitted. Directories below the pathnames in this list are prohibited. Names a pre-existing share used as a template for creating new usershares.

All other share parameters not specified in the user defined share definition are copied from this named share. To allow members of the UNIX group foo to create user defined shares, create the directory to contain the share definitions as follows:. to the global section of your smb. Members of the group foo may then manipulate the user defined shares using the following commands.

Some parameters are specific to the [global] section e. Some parameters are usable in all sections e. All others are permissible only in normal sections. For the purposes of the following descriptions the [homes] and [printers] sections will be considered normal.

The letter G in parentheses indicates that a parameter is specific to the [global] section. The letter S indicates that a parameter can be specified in a service specific section. All S parameters can also be specified in the [global] section - in which case they will define the default behavior for all services. Parameters are arranged here in alphabetical order - this may not create best bedfellows, but at least you can find them!

Where there are synonyms, the preferred synonym is described, others refer to the preferred synonym. Many of the strings that are settable in the config file can take substitutions. These substitutions are mostly noted in the descriptions below, but there are some general substitutions which apply whenever they might be relevant. These are:. session username the username that the client wanted, not necessarily the same as the one they got.

This parameter is not available when Samba listens on port , as clients no longer send this information. This will cause Samba to not listen on port and will permit include functionality to function as it did with Samba 2. the NetBIOS name of the server.

This allows you to change your config based on what the client calls you. the selected protocol level after protocol negotiation.

The architecture of the remote machine. Anything else will be known as UNKNOWN. Before 4. The following substitutes apply only to some configuration options only those that are used when a connection has been established :.

There are some quite creative things that can be done with these substitutions and other smb. conf options. Samba supports name mangling so that DOS and Windows clients can use files that don't conform to the 8. It can also be set to adjust the case of 8.

There are several options that control the way mangling is performed, and they are grouped here rather than listed separately. For the defaults look at the output of the testparm program. controls whether filenames are case sensitive. If they aren't, Samba must do a filename search and match on passed names.

The default setting of auto allows clients that support case sensitive filenames Linux CIFSVFS and smbclient 3. No Windows or DOS system supports case-sensitive filename so setting this option to auto is that same as setting it to no for them. Default auto. controls what the default case is for new filenames ie. files that don't currently exist in the filesystem. Default lower. IMPORTANT NOTE: As part of the optimizations for directories containing large numbers of files, the following special case applies.

See additional notes below. controls whether new files ie. files that don't currently exist in the filesystem are created with the case that the client passes, or if they are forced to be the default case. Default yes. controls if new files ie. files that don't currently exist in the filesystem which conform to 8. By default, Samba 3. There are two levels of registry configuration:.

Share definitions stored in registry are used. The registry shares are loaded not at startup but on demand at runtime by smbd. Shares defined in smb. conf take priority over shares of the same name defined in registry. Global smb. conf options stored in registry are used. This can be activated in two different ways:. This resets everything that has been read from config files to this point and reads the content of the global configuration section from the registry.

This is the recommended method of using registry based configuration. This reads the global options from registry with the same priorities as for an include of a text file. This may be especially useful in cases where an initial configuration is needed to access the registry. Activation of global registry options automatically activates registry shares. So in the registry only case, shares are loaded on demand only. Note: To make registry-based configurations foolproof at least to a certain extent, the use of lock directory and config backend inside the registry configuration has been disabled: Especially by changing the lock directory inside the registry configuration, one would create a broken setup where the daemons do not see the configuration they loaded once it is active.

More conveniently, the conf subcommand of the net 8 utility offers a dedicated interface to read and write the registry based configuration locally, i. directly accessing the database file, circumventing the server. In the SMB protocol, users, groups, and machines are represented by their security identifiers SIDs.

On POSIX system Samba processes need to run under corresponding POSIX user identities and with supplemental POSIX groups to allow access to the files owned by those users and groups. The process of mapping SIDs to POSIX users and groups is called IDENTITY MAPPING or, in short, ID MAPPING. Samba supports multiple ways to map SIDs to POSIX users and groups. The configuration is driven by the idmap config DOMAIN : OPTION option which allows one to specify identity mapping idmap options for each domain separately.

Identity mapping modules implement different strategies for mapping of SIDs to POSIX user and group identities. They are applicable to different use cases and scenarios. It is advised to read the documentation of the individual identity mapping modules before choosing a specific scenario to use.

Each identity management module is documented in a separate manual page. Overall, ID mapping configuration should be decided carefully. Changes to the already deployed ID mapping configuration may create the risk of losing access to the data or disclosing the data to the wrong parties.

This a full path name to a script called by smbd 8 that should stop a shutdown procedure issued by the shutdown script. If the connected user possesses the SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege , right, this command will be run as root. The share ACLs which allow or deny the access to the share can be modified using for example the sharesec command or using the appropriate Windows tools.

This has parallels to access based enumeration, the main difference being that only share permissions are evaluated, and security descriptors on files contained on the share are not used in computing enumeration access rights. This boolean parameter controls the behaviour of smbd 8 when receiving a protocol request of "open for execution" from a Windows client. With Samba 3. In Samba 4. when this parameter is set to "False", "open for execution" is now denied when execution permissions are not present.

If this parameter is set to "True", Samba does not check execute permissions on "open for execution", thus re-establishing the behaviour of Samba 3.

This can be useful to smoothen upgrades from older Samba versions to 4. This setting is not meant to be used as a permanent setting, but as a temporary relief: It is recommended to fix the permissions in the ACLs and reset this parameter to the default after a certain transition period. Please note this parameter is now deprecated in Samba 3. This boolean parameter controls what smbd 8 does on receiving a protocol request of "open for delete" from a Windows client.

If a Windows client doesn't have permissions to delete a file then they expect this to be denied at open time. POSIX systems normally only detect restrictions on delete by actually attempting to delete the file or directory.

As Windows clients can and do "back out" a delete request by unsetting the "delete on close" bit Samba cannot delete the file immediately on "open for delete" request as we cannot restore such a deleted file. With this parameter set to true the default then smbd checks the file system permissions directly on "open for delete" and denies the request without actually deleting the file if the file system permissions would seem to deny it.

This is not perfect, as it's possible a user could have deleted a file without Samba being able to check the permissions correctly, but it is close enough to Windows semantics for mostly correct behaviour. Samba will correctly check POSIX ACL semantics in this case.

If this parameter is set to "false" Samba doesn't check permissions on "open for delete" and allows the open. If the user doesn't have permission to delete the file this will only be discovered at close time, which is too late for the Windows user tools to display an error message to the user. The symptom of this is files that appear to have been deleted "magically" re-appearing on a Windows explorer refresh. This is an extremely advanced protocol option which should not need to be changed.

This parameter was introduced in its final form in 3. That older version is not documented here. This option controls the way Samba handles client requests setting the Security Descriptor of files and directories and the effect the operation has on the Security Descriptor flag "DACL auto-inherited" DI.

Generally, this flag is set on a file or directory upon creation if the parent directory has DI set and also has inheritable ACEs. On the other hand when a Security Descriptor is explicitly set on a file, the DI flag is cleared, unless the flag "DACL Inheritance Required" DR is also set in the new Security Descriptor fwiw, DR is never stored on disk.

This is the default behaviour when this option is enabled the default. When setting this option to no , the resulting value of the DI flag on-disk is directly taken from the DI value of the to-be-set Security Descriptor. Without this option, the copied ACLs would all loose the DI flag if set on the source. In a POSIX filesystem, only the owner of a file or directory and the superuser can modify the permissions and ACLs on a file.

If this parameter is set, then Samba overrides this restriction, and also allows the primary group owner of a file or directory to modify the permissions and ACLs on that file. On a Windows server, groups may be the owner of a file or directory - thus allowing anyone in that group to modify the permissions on it. This allows the delegation of security controls on a point in the filesystem to the group owner of a directory and anything below it also owned by that group. This means there are multiple people with permissions to modify ACLs on a file or directory, easing manageability.

This parameter allows Samba to also permit delegation of the control over a point in the exported directory hierarchy in much the same way as Windows. This allows all members of a UNIX group to control the permissions on a file or directory they have group ownership on. This parameter is best used with the inherit owner option and also on a share containing directories with the UNIX setgid bit set on them, which causes new files and directories created within it to inherit the group ownership from the containing directory.

This parameter was deprecated in Samba 3. It is now no longer equivalent to the dos filemode option. If this parameter is set to true any POSIX ACE entry of "rwx" will be returned in a Windows ACL as "FULL CONTROL", is this parameter is set to false any POSIX ACE entry of "rwx" will be returned as the specific Windows ACL bits representing read, write and execute.

This is the full pathname to a script that will be run AS ROOT by smbd 8 when a new group is requested. This script is only useful for installations using the Windows NT domain administration tools. The script is free to create a group with an arbitrary name to circumvent unix group name restrictions.

In that case the script must print the numeric gid of the created group on stdout. com host3. Samba 3. This option defines an external program to be executed when smbd receives a request to add a new Port to the system. The script is passed two parameters:. For a Samba host this means that the printer must be physically added to the underlying printing system. The addprinter command defines a script to be run which will perform the necessary operations for adding the printer to the print system and to add the appropriate service definition to the smb.

conf file in order that it can be shared by smbd 8. The addprinter command is automatically invoked with the following parameter in order :. The "Windows 9x driver location" parameter is included for backwards compatibility only.

The remaining fields in the structure are generated from answers to the APW questions. Once the addprinter command has been executed, smbd will reparse the smb. conf to determine if the share defined by the APW exists.

The addprinter command program can output a single line of text, which Samba will set as the port the new printer is connected to. If this line isn't output, Samba won't reload its printer shares. Samba 2. The add share command is used to define an external program or script which will add a new service definition to smb.

In order to successfully execute the add share command , smbd requires that the administrator connects using a root account i. Scripts defined in the add share command parameter are executed as root.

When executed, smbd will automatically invoke the add share command with five parameters. configFile - the location of the global smb. conf file.

comment - comment string to associate with the new share. max connections Number of maximum simultaneous connections to this share. This parameter is only used to add file shares. To add printer shares, see the addprinter command.

This is the full pathname to a script that will be run AS ROOT by smbd 8 under special circumstances described below. Normally, a Samba server requires that UNIX users are created for all users accessing files on this server. For sites that use Windows NT account databases as their primary user database creating these users and keeping the user list in sync with the Windows NT PDC is an onerous task.

This option allows smbd to create the required UNIX users ON DEMAND when a user accesses the Samba server. When the Windows user attempts to access the Samba server, at login session setup in the SMB protocol time, smbd 8 contacts the password server and attempts to authenticate the given user with the given password. If the authentication succeeds then smbd attempts to find a UNIX user in the UNIX password database to map the Windows user into.

If this script successfully creates the user then smbd will continue on as though the UNIX user already existed. In this way, UNIX users are dynamically created to match existing Windows NT accounts. See also security , password server , delete user script. Full path to the script that will be called when a user is added to a group using the Windows NT domain administration tools.

It will be run by smbd 8 AS ROOT. Note that the adduser command used in the example below does not support the used syntax on all systems. If this parameter is set to yes for a share, then the share will be an administrative share. The Administrative Shares are the default network shares created by all Windows NT-based operating systems.

See the section below on security for more information about this option. This is a list of users who will be granted administrative privileges on the share. This means that they will do all file operations as the super-user root. You should use this option very carefully, as any user in this list will be able to do anything they like on the share, irrespective of file permissions.

This parameter controls whether special AFS features are enabled for this share. If enabled, it assumes that the directory exported via the path parameter is a local AFS import. The special AFS features include the attempt to hand-craft an AFS token if you enabled --with-fake-kaserver in configure. This parameter controls the lifetime of tokens that the AFS fake-kaserver claims.

In reality these never expire but this lifetime controls when the afs client will forget the token. If you are using the fake kaserver AFS feature, you might want to hand-craft the usernames you are creating tokens for. For example this is necessary if you have users from several domain in your AFS Protection Database.

The mapped user name must contain the cell name to log into, so without setting this parameter there will be no token. The integer parameter specifies the maximum number of threads each smbd process will create when doing parallel asynchronous IO calls. If the number of outstanding calls is greater than this number the requests will not be refused but go onto a queue and will be scheduled in turn as outstanding requests complete.

Related command: aio read size. Related command: aio write size. If this integer parameter is set to a non-zero value, Samba will read from files asynchronously when the request size is bigger than this value. Note that it happens only for non-chained and non-chaining reads and when not using write cache. Related command: write cache size.

Instead, Samba will immediately return that the write request has been finished successfully, no matter if the operation will succeed or not. This might speed up clients without aio support, but is really dangerous, because data could be lost and files could be damaged. The syntax is identical to the veto files parameter. If this integer parameter is set to a non-zero value, Samba will write to files asynchronously when the request size is bigger than this value.

Compared to aio read size this parameter has a smaller effect, most writes should end up in the file system cache. Writes that require space allocation might benefit most from going asynchronous. Setting this option to a larger value could be useful to sites transitioning from WinNT and Win2k, as existing user and group rids would otherwise clash with system users etc.

All UIDs and GIDs must be able to be resolved into SIDs for the correct operation of ACLs on the server. As such the algorithmic mapping can't be 'turned off', but pushing it 'out of the way' should resolve the issues. Users and groups can then be assigned 'low' RIDs in arbitrary-rid supporting backends. This parameter allows an administrator to tune the allocation size reported to Windows clients. This is only useful for old SMB1 clients because modern SMB dialects eliminated that bottleneck and have better performance by default.

Using this parameter may cause difficulties for some applications, e. MS Visual Studio. If the MS Visual Studio compiler starts to crash with an internal error, set this parameter to zero for this share. Settings this parameter to a large value can also cause small files to allocate more space on the disk than needed.

Some interfaces like samr, lsarpc and netlogon have a hard-coded default of no and epmapper, mgmt and rpcecho have a hard-coded default of yes. The behavior can be overwritten per interface name e.

lsarpc, netlogon, samr, srvsvc, winreg, wkssvc This option yields precedence to the implementation specific restrictions. DNS updates can either be disallowed completely by setting it to disabled , enabled over secure connections only by setting it to secure only or allowed in all cases by setting it to nonsecure.

In normal operation the option wide links which allows the server to follow symlinks outside of a share path is automatically disabled when unix extensions are enabled on a Samba server.

This is done for security purposes to prevent UNIX clients creating symlinks to areas of the server file system that the administrator does not wish to export. Setting allow insecure wide links to true disables the link between these two parameters, removing this protection and allowing a site to configure the server to follow symlinks by setting wide links to "true" even when unix extensions is turned on.

It is not recommended to enable this option unless you fully understand the implications of allowing the server to follow symbolic links created by UNIX clients. For most normal Samba configurations this would be considered a security hole and setting this parameter is not recommended. This option was added at the request of sites who had deliberately set Samba up in this way and needed to continue supporting this functionality without having to patch the Samba code.

This option was added with Samba 4. It may lock out clients which worked fine with Samba versions up to 4. as the effective default was "yes" there, while it is "no" now. This option only takes effect when the security option is set to server , domain or ads.

If it is set to no, then attempts to connect to a resource from a domain or workgroup other than the one which smbd is running in will fail, even if that domain is trusted by the remote server doing the authentication. This is useful if you only want your Samba server to serve resources to users in the domain it is a member of. As an example, suppose that there are two domains DOMA and DOMB. DOMB is trusted by DOMA, which contains the Samba server.

Under normal circumstances, a user with an account in DOMB can then access the resources of a UNIX account with the same account name on the Samba server even if they do not have an account in DOMA.

This can make implementing a security boundary difficult. If set to no the default , smbd checks at startup if other smbd versions are running in the cluster and refuses to start if so. This is done to protect data corruption in internal data structures due to incompatible Samba versions running concurrently in the same cluster.

Setting this parameter to yes disables this safety check. This option controls whether winbind will execute the gpupdate command defined in gpo update command on the Group Policy update interval. The Group Policy update interval is defined as every 90 minutes, plus a random offset between 0 and 30 minutes.

This applies Group Policy Machine polices to the client or KDC and machine policies to a server. The number of seconds the asynchronous DNS resolver code in Samba will wait for responses. Some of the Samba client library code uses internal asynchronous DNS resolution for A and AAAA records when trying to find Active Directory Domain controllers.

This value prevents this name resolution code from waiting for DNS server timeouts. This parameter specifies whether Samba should fork the async smb echo handler. It can be beneficial if your file system can block syscalls for a very long time. In some circumstances, it prolongs the timeout that Windows uses to determine whether a connection is dead. This parameter is only for SMB1. For SMB2 and above TCP keepalives can be used instead. When enabled, this option causes Samba acting as an Active Directory Domain Controller to stream authentication events across the internal message bus.

This is not needed for the audit logging described in log level. Instead, this should instead be considered a developer option it assists in the Samba testsuite rather than a facility for external auditing, as message delivery is not guaranteed a feature that the testsuite works around. This is a list of services that you want to be automatically added to the browse lists.

This is most useful for homes and printers services that would otherwise not be visible. Note that if you just want all printers in your printcap file loaded then the load printers option is easier.

This parameter lets you "turn off" a service. Such failures are logged. This parameters defines the directory samba will use to store the configuration files for bind, such as named.

NOTE: The bind dns directory needs to be on the same mount point as the private directory! This global parameter allows the Samba admin to limit what interfaces on a machine will serve SMB requests. It affects file service smbd 8 and name service nmbd 8 in a slightly different ways. For name service it causes nmbd to bind to ports and on the interfaces listed in the interfaces parameter.

nmbd also binds to the "all addresses" interface 0. If this option is not set then nmbd will service name requests on all of these sockets. If bind interfaces only is set then nmbd will check the source address of any packets coming in on the broadcast sockets and discard any that don't match the broadcast addresses of the interfaces in the interfaces parameter list.

As unicast packets are received on the other sockets it allows nmbd to refuse to serve names to machines that send packets that arrive through any interfaces not listed in the interfaces list. IP Source address spoofing does defeat this simple check, however, so it must not be used seriously as a security feature for nmbd.

For file service it causes smbd 8 to bind only to the interface list given in the interfaces parameter. This restricts the networks that smbd will serve, to packets coming in on those interfaces.

Note that you should not use this parameter for machines that are serving PPP or other intermittent or non-broadcast network interfaces as it will not cope with non-permanent interfaces. If bind interfaces only is set and the network address To change a users SMB password, the smbpasswd by default connects to the localhost - If bind interfaces only is set then unless the network address smbpasswd can be forced to use the primary IP interface of the local host by using its smbpasswd 8 -r remote machine parameter, with remote machine set to the IP name of the primary interface of the local host.

This parameter controls the behavior of smbd 8 when given a request by a client to obtain a byte range lock on a region of an open file, and the request has a time limit associated with it.

If this parameter is set and the lock range requested cannot be immediately satisfied, samba will internally queue the lock request, and periodically attempt to obtain the lock until the timeout period expires. If this parameter is set to no , then samba will behave as previous versions of Samba would and will fail the lock request immediately if the lock range cannot be obtained.

This parameter controls the behavior of smbd 8 when reporting disk free sizes. By default, this reports a disk block size of bytes. Changing this parameter may have some effect on the efficiency of client writes, this is not yet confirmed. This parameter was added to allow advanced administrators to change it usually to a higher value and test the effect it has on client write performance without re-compiling the code.

As this is an experimental option it may be removed in a future release. Changing this option does not change the disk free reporting size, just the block size unit reported to the client. This controls whether this share is seen in the list of available shares in a net view and in the browse list.

This controls whether smbd 8 will serve a browse list to a client doing a NetServerEnum call. Normally set to yes. You should never need to change this. Usually, most of the TDB files are stored in the lock directory. Since Samba 3. This option specifies the directory for storing TDB files containing non-persistent data that will be kept across service restarts.

The directory should be placed on persistent storage, but the data can be safely deleted by an administrator. See the discussion in the section name mangling. The change share command is used to define an external program or script which will modify an existing service definition in smb. In order to successfully execute the change share command , smbd requires that the administrator connects using a root account i.

Scripts defined in the change share command parameter are executed as root. When executed, smbd will automatically invoke the change share command with six parameters. CSC policy - client side caching policy in string form. Valid values are: manual, documents, programs, disable. This parameter is only used to modify existing file share definitions. To modify printer shares, use the "Printers A Windows SMB server prevents the client from creating files in a directory that has the delete-on-close flag set.

By default Samba doesn't perform this check as this check is a quite expensive operation in Samba. The name of a program that can be used to check password complexity. The password is sent to the program's standard input. The program must return 0 on a good password, or any other value if the password is bad.

In case the password is considered weak the program does not return 0 the user will be notified and the password change will fail. In Samba AD, this script will be run AS ROOT by samba 8 without any substitutions. Note that starting with Samba 4.

Note: In the example directory is a sample program called crackcheck that uses cracklib to check the password quality.

Normally this option should not be set as the automatic negotiation phase in the SMB protocol takes care of choosing the appropriate protocol. See client max protocol for a full list of available protocols. Remember me. QR code. Manage Account Display Notifications Mobile Privacy History Extensions Language English Deutsch Dansk español Français Italiano Русский Українська Беларуская 日本語 Português Esperanto עברית Nederlands Magyar Gaeilge íslenska suomi Ελληνικά Norsk bokmål Svenska polski 简体中文 Latviešu Türkçe Bahasa Melayu हिन्दी Brazilian Portuguese Chinese Traditional Lietuvių Norsk nynorsk.

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The smb. conf file is a configuration file for the Samba suite. conf contains runtime configuration information for the Samba programs. The complete description of the file format and possible parameters held within are here for reference purposes. The Samba suite includes a number of different programs.

Some of them operate in a client mode, others are server daemons that provide various services to its clients. conf file is processed in the following way:. The Samba suite's client applications read their configuration only once. Any changes made after start aren't reflected in the context of already running client code. The Samba suite's server daemons reload their configuration when requested. However, already active connections do not change their configuration.

More detailed information can be found in smbd 8 and winbindd 8 manual pages. To request Samba server daemons to refresh their configuration, please use smbcontrol 1 utility. The file consists of sections and parameters.

A section begins with the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the next section begins. Sections contain parameters of the form:. The file is line-based - that is, each newline-terminated line represents either a comment, a section name or a parameter. Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace before or after the first equals sign is discarded.

Leading, trailing and internal whitespace in section and parameter names is irrelevant. Leading and trailing whitespace in a parameter value is discarded. Internal whitespace within a parameter value is retained verbatim.

Case is not significant in boolean values, but is preserved in string values. Some items such as create masks are numeric. The section name is the name of the shared resource and the parameters within the section define the shares attributes. There are three special sections, [global], [homes] and [printers], which are described under special sections. The following notes apply to ordinary section descriptions. A share consists of a directory to which access is being given plus a description of the access rights which are granted to the user of the service.

Some housekeeping options are also specifiable. Sections are either file share services used by the client as an extension of their native file systems or printable services used by the client to access print services on the host running the server. Sections may be designated guest services, in which case no password is required to access them.

A specified UNIX guest account is used to define access privileges in this case. Sections other than guest services will require a password to access them. The client provides the username. The access rights granted by the server are masked by the access rights granted to the specified or guest UNIX user by the host system. The server does not grant more access than the host system grants. The following sample section defines a file space share.

The share is accessed via the share name foo :. The following sample section defines a printable share. The share is read-only, but printable. That is, the only write access permitted is via calls to open, write to and close a spool file.

The guest ok parameter means access will be permitted as the default guest user specified elsewhere :. Parameters in this section apply to the server as a whole, or are defaults for sections that do not specifically define certain items.

If a section called [homes] is included in the configuration file, services connecting clients to their home directories can be created on the fly by the server. When the connection request is made, the existing sections are scanned. If a match is found, it is used. If no match is found, the requested section name is treated as a username and looked up in the local password file. If the name exists and the correct password has been given, a share is created by cloning the [homes] section.

For example:. This is a fast and simple way to give a large number of clients access to their home directories with a minimum of fuss. This method of using the [homes] section works well if different users share a client PC.

The [homes] section can specify all the parameters a normal service section can specify, though some make more sense than others. The following is a typical and suitable [homes] section:.

An important point is that if guest access is specified in the [homes] section, all home directories will be visible to all clients without a password. In the very unlikely event that this is actually desirable, it is wise to also specify read only access. The browseable flag for auto home directories will be inherited from the global browseable flag, not the [homes] browseable flag.

If a [printers] section occurs in the configuration file, users are able to connect to any printer specified in the local host's printcap file. When a connection request is made, the existing sections are scanned.

If no match is found, but a [homes] section exists, it is used as described above. Otherwise, the requested section name is treated as a printer name and the appropriate printcap file is scanned to see if the requested section name is a valid printer share name. If a match is found, a new printer share is created by cloning the [printers] section.

If the share does not permit guest access and no username was given, the username is set to the located printer name. The [printers] service MUST be printable - if you specify otherwise, the server will refuse to load the configuration file. Typically the path specified is that of a world-writeable spool directory with the sticky bit set on it.

A typical [printers] entry looks like this:. All aliases given for a printer in the printcap file are legitimate printer names as far as the server is concerned. If your printing subsystem doesn't work like that, you will have to set up a pseudo-printcap.

This is a file consisting of one or more lines like this:. Each alias should be an acceptable printer name for your printing subsystem. In the [global] section, specify the new file as your printcap. The server will only recognize names found in your pseudo-printcap, which of course can contain whatever aliases you like.

The same technique could be used simply to limit access to a subset of your local printers. An alias, by the way, is defined as any component of the first entry of a printcap record. Records are separated by newlines, components if there are more than one are separated by vertical bar symbols.

See the printcap name option for more details. Starting with Samba version 3. This capability is called usershares and is controlled by a set of parameters in the [global] section of the smb. The relevant parameters are :. Points to the directory containing the user defined share definitions. The filesystem permissions on this directory control who can create user defined shares.

Comma-separated list of absolute pathnames restricting what directories can be shared. Only directories below the pathnames in this list are permitted. Directories below the pathnames in this list are prohibited. Names a pre-existing share used as a template for creating new usershares. All other share parameters not specified in the user defined share definition are copied from this named share.

To allow members of the UNIX group foo to create user defined shares, create the directory to contain the share definitions as follows:. to the global section of your smb. Members of the group foo may then manipulate the user defined shares using the following commands.

Some parameters are specific to the [global] section e. Some parameters are usable in all sections e. All others are permissible only in normal sections. For the purposes of the following descriptions the [homes] and [printers] sections will be considered normal. The letter G in parentheses indicates that a parameter is specific to the [global] section. The letter S indicates that a parameter can be specified in a service specific section.

All S parameters can also be specified in the [global] section - in which case they will define the default behavior for all services. Parameters are arranged here in alphabetical order - this may not create best bedfellows, but at least you can find them! Where there are synonyms, the preferred synonym is described, others refer to the preferred synonym. Many of the strings that are settable in the config file can take substitutions.

These substitutions are mostly noted in the descriptions below, but there are some general substitutions which apply whenever they might be relevant.

If you don't want the white space to be changed, use the " gJ " command. Suppose you want to go to the "h" in "human". Normal mode commands can not be used directly. The idmap configuration is hence divided into groups, one group for each domain to be configured, and one group with the asterisk instead of a proper domain name, which specifies the default configuration that is used to catch all domains that do not have an explicit idmap configuration of their own. First of all, ". However, Samba implements Active Directory protocols and algorithms to locate a domain controller.

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